Lifestyle Changes After Heart Transplant Surgery

Heart Transplant is a major advancement in surgery for people whose heart stops functioning and they have to undergo heart transplant surgery. However, after the heart transplant surgery, it is important to have certain lifestyle changes done to your daily routine, your food etc. If you undergo heart transplant surgery in India, your transplant would suggest a host of post-surgery changes in eating/lifestyle for faster recovery.

What are the lifestyle changes required after heart transplant?

Upon consulting experts of heart transplant surgery in Delhi, you will get to know that after a heart transplant surgery, it is really important to maintain an optimum body weight to keep a check on the blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose levels, etc. Keeping the body weight in check helps in lowering the risk of transplant disease.

• Maintaining an ideal body weight: It is really important after the heart transplant surgery in India, to keep your weight in control. A higher body weight means more blood needs to be pumped which would further mean higher pressure on the heart to pump. Body weight can be kept in control by-
  • Following a healthy diet.
  • Doing exercise.

It is very important as a post-surgery requirement to plan a right diet schedule and exercises that are required for your body type to stay healthy.

• Caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco: It is the utmost requirement to stop or keep a strict check on the consumption of these –
  • Caffeine: Caffeine is a CNS stimulant; consuming caffeine puts more pressure on the heart to pump the blood. Some of the serious effects of caffeine consumption are irregularities in heart rate, diarrhoea and insomnia.

Some of the less serious side effects include a headache, nervousness and trembling.

• • Alcohol:  Alcohol consumption should also be strictly controlled or should be altogether stopped. Alcohol affects the working of the liver which is a vital organ for the breakdown and metabolism of food and many medicines. Example – cyclosporine is broken down in the liver; therefore, for the medicines to work properly you should stop taking alcohol.

Apart from this, alcohol is high in calories and does not have any nutrient content. Alcohol increases the level of triglycerides in the body.

• • Smoking Tobacco: One should stop smoking and any sort of intake of tobacco in the body. Tobacco consumption reduces the capacity of the red blood cells to carry oxygen to various body parts; as a result,recovery of the injured tissues takes time.
  • Physical exercise: After the heart transplant surgery in Delhi, it is important to have a daily exercise plan as per the capability and strength of the body. Exercise helps in regaining the muscle strength and keeps the mood elevated.

However, the connection of the heart with nerves is not the same and one should not expect the body to respond in the same way as before surgery.

However, there will not be any chest pain due to angina or any other heart disorder after the transplant. It is important that one gets back to his or her normal routine and do some exercise as it would help in keeping the mood raised up and a faster recovery after the heart transplant will occur.

A Medical Miracle Called Beating-Heart Surgery

Thousands of people go for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) each year. This is referred to as Bypass Surgery or Open-Heart Surgery and is performed by the top heart surgeons in Delhi if the blockage in the coronary arteries is severe. CABG used to be performed with the assistance of the heart lung machine on Cardio Pulmonary Bypass (CPB) traditionally. This medical practice is in trends nowadays as well. This open-heart surgery allows doctors to operate on a surface which is still and blood-free.

Unlike CABG, in beating-heart surgery the heart beat is not stopped and the heart lung machine is not used. This treatment is known as Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (OPCAB). Beating-heart surgery has to be performed in a highly stabilized environment as heart is still functioning to pump blood to the body parts.

Who needs to undergo OPCAB?

OPCAB offers a reliable option for a healthy heart for below mentioned category of high risk patients:

• Severe left ventricular dysfunction
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)
• Chronic renal failure
• Advanced age
• Stroke
• when hybrid procedures are required, like, a combination of stenting and bypass surgery or some other surgical correction.

Understanding the Surgical Procedure

• Proper anesthesia will be given to you before performing the beating-heart surgery.
• Then your cardiac surgeon in India will remove a portion of a healthy vein for grafting from your own body.
• This graft will be used to bypass the blockage of the coronary artery. This helps in restoring the blood flow to the heart.
• Heart positioner is used for the proper positioning of heart. The plaque is removed from the blocked arteries while the rest of the heart beats normally.
• Tissue stabilizer helps to make heart steady and continue its normal beating process during OPCAB.
• It is also important to note that at times off-pump surgery may need to be converted to on-pump surgery. This situation arises when there is hemodynamic instability or improper exposure of the vessels that are targeted during operation, or when there is global ventricular ischemia. This condition is a high risk and complicated one.
• But, our top heart surgeons in Delhi who are globally trained and have decades of experience in handling most complicated cases, are easily able to handle such cases successfully.

Advantages of OPCAB procedure

• Beating-heart surgery allows for a faster recovery of the patient after the surgery at a relatively less cost of treatment than CABG.
• This surgery also reduces the need for blood transfusions and the time of hospitalization.
• This surgical technique is also free from negative effects like fluid imbalance, inactivation of certain blood cells, damage to the platelets, affecting the function of heart, etc. These complications are otherwise more likely to happen in the traditional CABG technique.

However, it is important to note that OPCAB is not always used as a replacement for CABG. The decision regarding the same is taken by treating doctor, depending upon patient’s medical condition. Moreover, intra myocardial vessels and target vessels that are small and diffusely diseased cannot be operated through beating heart surgery technique.

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5 Essential Tips for the Care of a Pediatric Cardiac Patient

Coronary illness is sufficiently troublesome when it strikes grown-ups; however, it can be particularly more severe in kids. A wide range of heart issues can influence youngsters. These include congenital heart defects, atherosclerosis, viral infections that affect the heart, and even heart disease acquired later in childhood due to sicknesses or hereditary disorders. Fortunately, with medical advancements and expertise of cardiology specialists in Delhi, numerous kids with coronary illness go ahead to live dynamic and active lives.

Here are the 5 essential tips suggested by the best cardiologist specialists in Delhi that may prove vital in the care of pediatric cardiac patients and help them stay as healthy and comfortable as possible:

Oxygen Therapy

The child suffering from cardiac problems requires extra oxygen supply at home. A small tube that rests at the entrance of the child’s nose helps to stabilize the supply of oxygen. The amount of oxygen as prescribed by physician should only be given through oxygen therapy.

Be patient and control your emotions

It is your attitude towards the patient that helps in the early revival than the magic of the medicines. Parents dealing with their child must show empathy and compassion. This will motivate the child and will be helpful in his early recovery. Don’t get irritated by abnormal behavior of the child during the treatment procedure.

Give medicines on time

Parents should be aware about the correct dosage and proper method to provide medicines to their children.You may even hire a professional nurse to take care of your child. Being strong, heart medicines can be hazardous if not given accurately. We also suggest that you maintain a written chart/record of your child’s medication.

Avoid external infections

The immunity of a child who suffers from a congenital heart disease is usually weak. So, parents have to take special care of their child. This is the reason that many cardiac patients are given antibiotic before surgical procedures. Strictly follow hygiene instructions given by the doctor and make it a habit for the child also.

Maintaining your child’s dental health and keeping him or her away from tooth infections is also very important in this regard. Any signs of skin infection or infection at the site of wound should immediately be reported to the treating doctor.

Take care of child’s nutritional needs

Infants affected by cardiac diseases have a higher metabolic rate and hence consume more calories. Proper care of their nutrition is must for keeping them in sound state. Being child, he or she may insist on having food items that may not be good for his or her health. When made to stay away from such stuff, they tend to get agitated, so handle them with utmost patience as this is bound to happen with anyone.

Make sure you always have something or the other to offer them as a healthy choice. Give small and frequent meals that are easy to digest and given them enough energy.

We also suggest you to keep a list of cardiology specialists in Delhi , particularly those handling pediatric cases, handy so that during emergency you can reach out to them.

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Find out if you are prone to coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is quite common among people below the age of 50, and its incidences are steadily increasing in India. Cardiac surgeons and cardiologists treat lot of young patients suffering from CAD, requiring either angioplasty or bypass surgery.

The most common causes for CAD are stressed lifestyle, increasing urbanisation, smoking, unhealthy eating habits, increasing diabetes, hypertension, addiction to drugs, especially cocaine, and excessive alcohol intake.

Fortunately, all the reasons mentioned above are modifiable and can be changed or controlled, However, unmodiflable factors include familial hyper triglycerides and increased cholesterol in the blood that can be only controlled to some extent and put people at an increased risk of CAD.

It is a devastating disease, precisely because an otherwise healthy person may die or become disabled without warning at a young age. When the afflicted individual is under the age of 50, the consequences for the family, friends and colleagues are particularly catastrophic and unexpected.

The incidences of CAD in young adults are about 3% of all the coronary artery disease, but the incidences are steadily increasing and it may be “the tip of an iceberg, ” says Dr. Rajneesh Malhotra.

As young, asymptomatic patients typically do not undergo medical test regularly, the true prevalence of this disease may be underestimated.

It is well recognised that these patients are mostly males and may have several risks factors as mentioned above. Cigarette smoking has been the single factor that has been associated that most with CAD in young adults. It increases the risk three times more as compared to non smokers. It also causes damage to the inner lining of vessels, causing more thrombosis. Coronary vasospasm occurs in the person who take coca in in the person who take coca in or any such drugs.

There have been several causes of acute myocardial infarction in patients who suffer Frome acute alcohol intoxication

Young woman have a protective effect because of oestrogen, but if they are smokers, diabetic, hypertensive or on oral contraceptives, they are also equally prone for coronary artery disease. If the patients can control these modifiable risk factors, have a better prognosis than the elderly and go for periodic check-up of lipid profile, blood sugar, stress test and CT coronary angiography, they can diagnose coronary artery disease at an early stage and control the damage. Modified lifestyle, yoga and de-stressing helps a lot in taking care of such diseases.

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Symptoms which indicate your child might have a heart problem.

Heart disease can affect us at any age, but it can be especially tragic when it does occur in children. But it is important form us to know that there are certain heart conditions with which children can be born, also called congenital heart disease. These heart conditions, most of the time go unnoticed because the symptoms that they cause do not become very obvious until later on in life when the child is a little older and becomes more active. But if the condition is very severe, symptoms may manifest early in childhood, and this is the reason doctors do a complete physical examination of the newborn, including listening to the heart with the stethoscope, which will help them to detect these abnormalities as early as just after birth. Therefore this increased awareness that the so called ‘’heart diseases’’ which people assumed affected only adults, can be present in children as well, is very important, because it is only the parent who spend the entire day with their babies, who can tell these subtle changes and abnormalities which need to be further investigated.

Most of the time with cardiac diseases the commonest mistake which people make is that they assume the symptoms of thedisease to be natural reaction of the child and dismiss it easily. Therefore not a lot of attention is paid to it, until the symptoms become so bad and the condition has almost reached a point of fatality.  People fail to relate these symptoms with that of a cardiac challenge, of a child who is having a difficult time keeping up the demand of increasing activity. This is why we need to educate the parents of the possibility that their child might be affected with a heart condition, and that they have to be observant in order to detect the symptoms as early as possible, so that prompt medical attention can be given.

The symptoms of heart diseases will vary depending on the child’s age. Because the symptoms in babies who are less active, will be different to those in older children who are more active. So let’s take a look at the possible symptoms depending on the age of children:

Neonates and infants

This age group includes babies up until their first year of life. In this age group it becomes very important that we pay close attention to the physical differences because they can be missed very easily. These include unusual drowsiness in the baby, where you might notice that you baby is even refusing feeds because of this increased drowsiness. Or you might notice that your baby is sweating unusually or your baby’s skin is turning blue when he/she gets tired or when they have to exert themselves such as when they breastfeeding and suckling or when they crying. You also might notice that your baby is having a hard time breathing and it might look to you like you baby is breathing very rapidly. Other than this, the only symptom of heart disease might be that you baby fails to thrive and does not have the required weight gain and growth pattern. And this can be very easily ignored. All of these indicate that there is a possible underlying heart disease, and you should think about having your baby checked by a doctor immediately.

Toddlers

This is the age group when your child starts to walk and explore everything around them. Again if they are not performing activities as any other child in the same age group, then this should get you worried as to why your child cannot keep up. If you observe that you child starts to tire easily or gets breathless after taking a few steps, or starts to sweat excessively when involved in some activity, this again should cause some concern. If their lips or tongue goes blue while they are exerting themselves or if they have fainting spells as well as uncoordinated jerky movements, then again it might indicate towards an underlying heart condition. This age group is where you have to always compare your child with other children and if they are able to keep up with the rest and perform in a similar manner.

Older children and teenagers

Again the symptoms experienced by older children are very similar with easy fatigability and breathlessness, as well as fainting attacks. But the difference is that these children are able to communicate changes that they feel better than younger kids, and they may sometimes come and tell you that they can feel their heart beating very fast and loud. Again the most important thing to do when they do complain of such symptoms is to pay attention to this without dismissing them easily.

When it comes to congenital heart disease, there might be conditions which to not need any treatment at all and will resolve on their own. But there might be more fatal conditions which need prompt attention, and the correct intervention at the right time might mean the difference between the complete reversal of the condition or your child having to live with the condition lifelong.

And if your child is indeed diagnosed with such a heart condition, then you need to make sure that your child, their teachers at school as well as their caretakers are made aware of the warning signs of the condition, so that the necessary prompt action can be taken, to bring the condition under control and prevent greater damage from happening. 

The commonest heart conditions which affect us

When you say the word heart disease or cardiac disease, the first thing that comes to mind is blocked arteries and reduced blood flow to the heart. People know this more commonly as a heart attack, and in medical terms it is called a myocardial infarction. Although a myocardial is the most common cardiac condition which affects the population world over, there are other heart conditions which equally important because even they can be life threatening if not detected early and treated or brought under control. And it is important that people are aware that these conditions exist and how it can manifest and affect their lives. All of these conditions, collectively are known as cardiovascular diseases.

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery refers to the vessels which supply blood top the heart muscle. Our heart is basically a muscular pump, which enables oxygenated blood to flow out with increased pressure and velocity to all the vessels in our body, thereby supplying all the tissue in our body with oxygen. In order to function well, the heart muscle itself requires oxygen, and the coronary vessels only help with delivering oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. With age and our diet, there may be buildup of cholesterol within these vessels causing them to become narrowed, thereby reducing the flow of blood within them and to the part of the heart which they supply. This buildup of fatty plaques is known as Atherosclerosis. With continuous buildup of cholesterol, it might end up with complete occlusion of the vessel, thereby cutting off the blood supply to the tissue also completely. Causing that part of the heart muscle to die due to lack of oxygen. This is known as a myocardial infarction.When you experience this blockage only in one vessel, it affects only a small area of your heart, and this means that your heart will be able to compensate for this lost tissue and continue to function normally. But if it occurs in multiple vessels at the same time, then the heart cannot compensate, and it can end up being fatal. Therefore it is important, that you bring in changes to your lifestyle and diet, following your first myocardial infarction, so that we can further prevent buildup of fatty plaques.

Heart Failure

Is a condition, where the heart cannot meet the demand for oxygen in other parts of the body as it cannot pump out blood at the needed rate, with the necessary amount of force. As a result, even though the heart continues to beat and pump out blood, it cannot do so to meet the requirements of the body. And as it continues to try to keep up and work harder, it only further regresses in its functionas a pump, until one day it stops working altogether. This continuous process of deterioration in function is called heart failure, and it can develop following a myocardial infarction, where some part of the heart muscle has died and the rest of the tissue is working twice as hard to compensate for this tissue loss and maintain the same function, or even in instances where the heart has to pump blood into vessels which have high resistance for prolonged periods of time, such as in people with poorly controlled high blood pressure. All this will cause the heart muscle to work under great stress, until one day it gives in and starts to fail.

Cardiac Arrhythmia

A normally functioning heart has a regular rhythm, which is important to maintain the filling time of the heart as well as the output of blood from the heart. The rhythm determines how much of time is given for the heart to fill up with enough blood and how much of time the heart takes to contract and pump out the necessary amount of blood. When this rhythm becomes too fast or too slow then the efficiency of the heart is affected, as it cannot meet the demands of the body as required. The irregularity of the beating heart will affect its output and reduce the amount of blood and oxygen reaching all parts of the body.

Problems with heart valves

The heart consists of four chambers and two outflow tracts, and at the entrance of each of this there are one way valves, which make sure that blood flows only in one direction. But when these valves fail to function properly it can lead to the following conditions:

• Valve stenosis – where the valves do not open up completely causing the blood to flow through a narrowed space, limiting the amount of blood that can flow through. This can be caused by stiffening or thickening of the valve leaflets.
• Valve regurgitation – in this condition the valves fail to close properly, as a result of which there is backflow of blood when the heart muscle is contracting, and this commonly occurs when there is deposition of various substances on the valve leaflets.

Congenital Heart Disease

The term Congenital refers to the time of birth. Certain disease conditions of the heart are present at the time of birth itself, even though they fail to manifest at that time. Most congenital heart conditions only start to show symptoms when the child is a little older, or only when they grow up to be adults. Such conditions include septal defects commonly called ‘’hole in the heart’’. If they are very small and not causing any difficulty to the baby, then they can be left alone and will most probably close up on their own. If they don’t or I they too large and threatening the life of the baby, then surgical intervention to close the defect may be required.

Cardiomyopathy

This is condition where there is an abnormality in the structure of the heart muscle itself, causing the heart to function poorly. The muscle can be abnormally thick and stiffened, making it unable for the muscle to contract and relax efficiently thereby weakening it, even though it appears bulky. If this condition goes on for long periods of time, then it may lead to rhythm abnormalities and even a myocardial infarction.

Pericarditis

The heart is surrounded by a thin serosal lining called the pericardium, and this condition is related to the inflammation and irritation of this lining, which can again lead to problems with the contraction and relaxation of the heart. It is a very rare condition.

All of these constitute the diseases which can affect the heart. And all of the above mentioned conditions if not treated in the correct manner at the correct time, will be fatal. This is the reason that we should work towards maintaining healthy heart. And this can be achieved with incorporating brisk exercises as well as a well-balanced diet into our lifestyle.

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